Telescopes
Telescopes were first introduced to astronomy in 1609 by Galileo Galilei who was the first person to see the craters on the moon, sunspots, the four large moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn. His telescope lens was an arrangement of glass lenses known as a reflective telescope. Some advantages are that the price is low and there is minimal distortion because of the mirror. The major disadvantage is the size the telescope has to be.
Sir Isaac Newton invented a new form of telescope which we now know as the refractive telescope. He used a curved mirror rather than a glass lens to bend the light into one focus point. This new invention magnifies million's of times more then previous designs. The refracting telescope is a low maintenance telescope unlike the reflecting telescope. A disadvantage of the refracting telescope is discolouration of images due to imperfections on the glass. Radio telescopes are another type of telescope which is used to study radio emmisions which come from stars and other astrological objects.

Light
As the sun generates heat it also generates light. These light rays are in the form of infrared, ultraviolet and visible light. These can be compared to other forms of radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic  spectrum is a variety of rays starting from  Gamma rays with a wave length of 10 to the power of -12 meters. Gamma rays are so dangerous they nuke the cells inside people. X-rays with a wavelength of 10 to the power of -10 meters. Doctors use X-Rays to see bones inside of people. Ultra violet waves with a wavelength of 10 to the power of -8 meters. These destroy skin cells. Visible light waves with a wavelength of 10 to the power of -6 meters. These are light rays which bounce of different objects to give us colour. Infrared waves with a wavelength of 10 to the power of -4 meters. Infrared waves burn our skin.  Microwaves with a wavelength of 10 to the power of -2 meters heat objects from the inside out. Radio waves with a wavelength of 10 to the power of 2 meters. These broadcast signals.These are all energy waves. EM waves are produced by the vibration of charged particles and have electrical and magnetic properties. EM waves travel through the vacuum of space at 300 000 M/S.
Different colours are produced based on the size of the light waves. Purple is at one end and pink is at the other. Light can also be affected by different substances. Glass slows down the light which causes it to bend. Water traps the light withen the particles and the light gets dispersed.

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